Kosovo tops global population decline, Albania among top 10

Kosovo recorded the world’s sharpest population decline in 2024, with a drop of -9.7%, according to new World Bank data. North Macedonia ranked fifth globally, with a decline of 2%, while Albania placed ninth, joining the top ten countries with the fastest shrinking populations.

Why is this important: The data highlight a deepening demographic crisis in the Western Balkans, driven largely by emigration. A shrinking population threatens labor supply, economic growth, and social stability — issues that are becoming central policy challenges for the region’s governments.

Context: The World Bank has consistently warned about the impact of emigration on the Western Balkans. Its latest regular economic report notes that 1 in 4 people from the region currently live abroad.

While outward migration poses risks — such as labor shortages and slower domestic growth — the report also points to potential benefits. Remittances can reduce poverty and stimulate exports, while the return of skilled workers can boost investment, job creation, and knowledge transfer. The report notes that higher wages abroad may motivate education and skill development among those who stay.