Kosovo at a crossroads: rethinking alliances amid global shifts

As global shifts redefine traditional alliances, Kosovo is at a crossroads: where should it seek support? With pressing challenges ahead—ranging from dialogue with Serbia to international membership bids—experts urge Kosovo to strengthen ties with the EU and explore partnerships beyond the West.

Why is this important: In recent weeks, U.S.-Europe relations have shown signs of strain, raising questions about Kosovo’s long-term strategic positioning. With the global order changing, Kosovo cannot afford to rely solely on past alliances but must adapt to new geopolitical realities. This moment requires a pragmatic approach to international relations to safeguard the country’s future.

Context: Global tensions are on the rise. The U.S. has signaled that Europe must take greater responsibility for its own security, NATO’s future has been questioned, and Washington has paused military aid to Ukraine. Meanwhile, Kosovo has been caught in prolonged political negotiations following its February 9 elections, leaving key issues unresolved.

Despite the shifting global landscape, Kosovo’s political leaders remain committed to their Western alliances. Mimoza Kusari-Lila, head of the ruling Vetëvendosje’s parliamentary group insisted that “We are part of continental Europe, and our strategic partnership with the United States has always been a pillar of our foreign policy.”

However, Enver Hoxhaj from the opposition Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) argues that Kosovo must recognize the new geopolitical reality.

“The international order that created an independent Kosovo no longer exists. Kosovo must position itself strategically in this new world,” Hoxhaj stated.

The Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) also stresses that Kosovo must navigate carefully in an evolving diplomatic environment.

“Even if differences exist between the U.S. and Europe, Kosovo does not have the luxury to choose between them,” said Besian Mustafa from LDK.

What else: While Kosovo continues to seek closer ties with the EU, it faces persistent obstacles. The European bloc has maintained punitive measures against Kosovo since 2023 due to tensions in the Serb-majority north. Meanwhile, Kosovo’s EU accession process remains stalled, with no progress on its application for candidate status.

Observers argue that Kosovo needs to rethink its approach toward key EU member states, such as France. Romana Vlahutin from the German Marshall Fund warns that the U.S. may not always prioritize Kosovo’s interests and suggests reinforcing ties with European partners.

Similarly, Tefta Kelmendi from the European Council on Foreign Relations believes Kosovo must diversify its alliances. She highlights Turkey as a crucial player, stating that Kosovo should leverage its partnership with Ankara to secure international recognition.

“Turkey is a key security and defense partner in the region. With improving EU-Turkey relations, Kosovo should capitalize on this momentum to push for additional recognitions,” Kelmendi said.

What’s next: Kosovo’s foreign policy strategy must evolve in response to global uncertainties. Analysts warn that as tensions persist, Kosovo may face mounting pressure to make difficult concessions regarding Serb-majority municipalities.

Kelmendi notes that Kosovo’s leadership must act pragmatically:

“Kosovo must engage constructively in dialogue with Serbia and implement normalization agreements to advance its EU aspirations.”

Vlahutin emphasizes the importance of national unity during turbulent times.

“You cannot navigate these challenges unless you are united. This requires extensive dialogue, strong partnerships, and strategic decision-making,” she said.

While Kosovo’s political leaders continue internal negotiations over government formation, the world is moving fast. To maintain its standing on the international stage, Kosovo must take decisive steps in recalibrating its alliances.

(This article is based on reporting by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.)